JLPT N5 Adjectives
Master both i-adjectives and na-adjectives with their conjugation patterns. Essential adjectives for describing people, things, and situations in Japanese.
i-Adjectives (い形容詞)
Adjectives ending in い that conjugate by changing the ending
47 adjectives
Conjugation pattern:
Present: 高い (takai) - expensive
Past: 高かった (takakatta) - was expensive
Negative: 高くない (takakunai) - not expensive
na-Adjectives (な形容詞)
Adjectives that use な when modifying nouns directly
35 adjectives
Usage pattern:
Before noun: きれいな人 (kirei na hito)
Predicate: きれいです (kirei desu)
Past: きれいでした (kirei deshita)
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Study i-Adjectives by Theme
Learn more effectively with our organized thematic approach
Why Study by Theme?
- • Better memory retention through association
- • Easier to practice in real contexts
- • Learn opposites and related concepts together
- • More intuitive than alphabetical lists
Theme Categories Include:
Colors
Physical Properties
Emotions
Temperature
Time & Speed
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Study na-Adjectives by Theme
Explore na-adjectives organized by logical themes and usage contexts
Why na-Adjectives?
- • Essential for describing states and qualities
- • Many come from Chinese or foreign languages
- • Critical for polite conversation
- • Used frequently in daily interactions
Theme Categories Include:
Emotions
Abilities
Appearance
Social States
Character Traits
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Master Adjective Grammar Forms
Complete conjugation patterns and usage examples for both adjective types
What You'll Learn:
- • All 4 tense forms (present, past, negative, past negative)
- • Connecting forms (くて/で)
- • Adverbial forms (く/に)
- • Noun-modifying patterns
Essential for JLPT N5:
Predicate Forms
Modifying Forms
Tense Changes
Polite vs Casual
i-Adjectives (い形容詞)
All essential i-adjectives for JLPT N5
| Kanji | Kana | Romaji | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| 青い | あおい | aoi | blue |
| 赤い | あかい | akai | red |
| 新しい | あたらしい | atarashii | new |
| 厚い | あつい | atsui | thick, hot |
| 甘い | あまい | amai | sweet |
| いい | いい | ii | good |
| 忙しい | いそがしい | isogashii | busy |
| 痛い | いたい | itai | painful |
| 美味しい | おいしい | oishii | delicious |
| 大きい | おおきい | ookii | big |
| 重い | おもい | omoi | heavy |
| 面白い | おもしろい | omoshiroi | interesting |
| 辛い | からい | karai | spicy |
| 軽い | かるい | karui | light |
| 汚い | きたない | kitanai | dirty |
| 黄色い | きいろい | kiiroi | yellow |
| 黒い | くろい | kuroi | black |
| 小さい | ちいさい | chiisai | small |
| 近い | ちかい | chikai | close, near |
| 冷たい | つめたい | tsumetai | cold (to touch) |
| 強い | つよい | tsuyoi | strong |
| 長い | ながい | nagai | long |
| 早い | はやい | hayai | early, fast |
| 低い | ひくい | hikui | low |
| 広い | ひろい | hiroi | wide |
| 古い | ふるい | furui | old |
| 細い | ほそい | hosoi | thin |
| まずい | まずい | mazui | bad-tasting |
| 丸い | まるい | marui | round |
| 短い | みじかい | mijikai | short |
| 難しい | むずかしい | muzukashii | difficult |
| 安い | やすい | yasui | cheap |
| 優しい | やさしい | yasashii | kind, easy |
| 弱い | よわい | yowai | weak |
| 若い | わかい | wakai | young |
| 悪い | わるい | warui | bad |
| 白い | しろい | shiroi | white |
| 高い | たかい | takai | high, expensive |
| 楽しい | たのしい | tanoshii | enjoyable |
| 遠い | とおい | tooi | far |
| 速い | はやい | hayai | fast |
| 多い | おおい | ooi | many, much |
| 少ない | すくない | sukunai | few, little |
| 眠い | ねむい | nemui | sleepy |
| 暑い | あつい | atsui | hot (weather) |
| 寒い | さむい | samui | cold (weather) |
| 涼しい | すずしい | suzushii | cool |
na-Adjectives (な形容詞)
All essential na-adjectives for JLPT N5
| Word | Romaji | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| すき | suki | like, love |
| けっこう | kekkou | wonderful, enviable |
| ゆうめい | yuumei | famous |
| きれい | kirei | pretty, beautiful |
| ていねい | teinei | polite |
| きらい | kirai | to not like |
| しずか | shizuka | quiet |
| ひま | hima | free (time) |
| にぎやか | nigiyaka | lively |
| べんり | benri | useful, convenient |
| げんき | genki | healthy |
| いろいろ | iroiro | various |
| だいじょうぶ | daijoubu | OK, fine |
| じょうぶ | joubu | healthy, robust |
| たいへん | taihen | terrible |
| らく | raku | comfortable, easy |
| いや | iya | unpleasant |
| たいせつ | taisetsu | important, precious |
| じょうず | jouzu | good at, skilled |
| へた | heta | bad at, unskilled |
| いっしょうけんめい | isshoukenmei | with utmost effort |
| きけん | kiken | dangerous |
| ざんねん | zannen | regrettable, disappointing |
| しんぱい | shinpai | worry |
| じゆう | jiyuu | free, unrestrained |
| じゅうぶん | juubun | sufficient |
| だいすき | daisuki | love very much |
| てきとう | tekitou | proper, suitable |
| とくべつ | tokubetsu | special |
| ねっしん | nesshin | eager, enthusiastic |
| ひつよう | hitsuyou | necessary |
| まじめ | majime | serious, earnest |
| まっすぐ | massugu | straight |
| むり | muri | unreasonable |
| りっぱ | rippa | excellent, splendid, fine |
💡 Adjective Usage Tips
i-Adjectives:
- • Can directly modify nouns: 高い車 (expensive car)
- • Conjugate by changing the い ending
- • Exception: いい becomes よかった in past tense
na-Adjectives:
- • Need な when modifying nouns: きれいな花
- • Use です/だ in predicate form
- • Many are borrowed from other languages
