JLPT N5 Adjective Forms & Grammar
Master all 18 essential adjective forms and conjugation patterns for JLPT N5. Learn i-adjective and na-adjective patterns with practical examples and usage contexts.
๐ค
i-Adjective Forms (ใๅฝขๅฎน่ฉ)
4 forms
i-Adjective + ใงใ
Example:
ใใฎๆฌใฏ้ข็ฝใใงใใ
ใใฎใปใใฏใใใใใใงใใ
kono hon wa omoshiroi desu.
Translation & Usage:
This book is interesting.
Usage: Basic predicate form (polite)
i-Adjective + ใใชใ + ใงใ
Example:
ใใฎๆฌใฏ้ข็ฝใใชใใงใใ
ใใฎใปใใฏใใใใใใชใใงใใ
kono hon wa omoshirokunai desu.
Translation & Usage:
This book is not interesting.
Usage: Negative present form
i-Adjective + ใใฃใ + ใงใ
Example:
ใใฎๆฌใฏ้ข็ฝใใฃใใงใใ
ใใฎใปใใฏใใใใใใฃใใงใใ
kono hon wa omoshirokatta desu.
Translation & Usage:
This book was interesting.
Usage: Past tense form
i-Adjective + ใใชใใฃใ + ใงใ
Example:
ใใฎๆฌใฏ้ข็ฝใใชใใฃใใงใใ
ใใฎใปใใฏใใใใใใชใใฃใใงใใ
kono hon wa omoshirokunakatta desu.
Translation & Usage:
This book was not interesting.
Usage: Negative past form
๐
i-Adjective Modifying Forms
4 forms
i-Adjective + NOUN
Example:
ใใใฏ้ข็ฝใๆฌใงใใ
ใใใฏใใใใใใปใใงใใ
kore wa omoshiroi hon desu.
Translation & Usage:
This is an interesting book.
Usage: Directly modifying nouns
i-Adjective + ใฎ
Example:
่ตคใใฎใฏใใใใงใใ๏ผ
ใใใใฎใฏใใใใงใใ๏ผ
akai no wa ikura desuka?
Translation & Usage:
How much is the red one?
Usage: Nominalizing adjectives
i-Adjective + ใใฆ
Example:
ใใฎๆฌใฏๅใใฆ้ข็ฝใใงใใ
ใใฎใปใใฏใใคใใฆใใใใใใงใใ
kono hon wa atsukute omoshiroi desu.
Translation & Usage:
This book is thick and interesting.
Usage: Connecting multiple adjectives
i-Adjective + ใ + Verb
Example:
ๅ้ใจๆฅฝใใ้ใณใพใใใ
ใจใใ ใกใจใใฎใใใใใณใพใใใ
tomodachi to tanoshiku asobimashita.
Translation & Usage:
I played joyfully with my friend.
Usage: Adverbial form modifying verbs
๐ท๏ธ
na-Adjective Forms (ใชๅฝขๅฎน่ฉ)
4 forms
NOUN + na-adjective + ใงใ
Example:
ใใฎในใซใผใใฏใใใใงใใ
ใใฎในใซใผใใฏใใใใงใใ
kono sukaato wa kirei desu.
Translation & Usage:
This skirt is beautiful.
Usage: Basic predicate form (polite)
NOUN + na-adjective + ใงใฏใใใพใใ
Example:
ใใฎในใซใผใใฏใใใใงใฏใใใพใใใ
ใใฎในใซใผใใฏใใใใงใฏใใใพใใใ
kono sukaato wa kirei dewa arimasen.
Translation & Usage:
This skirt is not beautiful.
Usage: Negative present form (formal)
NOUN + na-adjective + ใงใใ
Example:
ใใฎใฌในใใฉใณใฏใใใใงใใใ
ใใฎใฌในใใฉใณใฏใใใใงใใใ
kono resutoran wa kirei deshita.
Translation & Usage:
This restaurant was beautiful.
Usage: Past tense form
NOUN + na-adjective + ใงใฏใใใพใใใงใใ
Example:
ใใฎใฌในใใฉใณใฏใใใใงใฏใใใพใใใงใใใ
ใใฎใฌในใใฉใณใฏใใใใงใฏใใใพใใใงใใใ
kono resutoran wa kirei dewa arimasen deshita.
Translation & Usage:
This restaurant was not beautiful.
Usage: Negative past form (formal)
๐
na-Adjective Modifying Forms
4 forms
na-adjective + ใช + noun
Example:
ใใฎไบบใฏๅ
ๆฐใชไบบใงใใ
ใใฎใฒใจใฏใใใใชใฒใจใงใใ
ano hito wa genki na hito desu.
Translation & Usage:
That person is a lively person.
Usage: Modifying nouns directly
na-adjective + ใฎ
Example:
ใใใใชใฎใ่ฒทใใพใใใ
ใใใใชใฎใใใใพใใใ
kireina no o kaimashita.
Translation & Usage:
I bought the beautiful one.
Usage: Nominalizing adjectives
na-adjective + ใง
Example:
ใใฎไบบใฏๅ
ๆฐใงๅชใใใงใใ
ใใฎใฒใจใฏใใใใงใใใใใงใใ
ano hito wa genki de yasashii desu.
Translation & Usage:
That person is lively and gentle.
Usage: Connecting multiple adjectives
na-adjective + ใซ + verb
Example:
ใใฎไบบใฏๆผขๅญใไธๆใซๆธใใพใใ
ใใฎใฒใจใฏใใใใใใใใใซใใใพใใ
ano hito wa kanji o jouzu ni kakemasu.
Translation & Usage:
That person can write kanji skillfully.
Usage: Adverbial form modifying verbs
๐ฌ
Casual na-Adjective Forms
2 forms
na-adjective + ใงใฏใชใ
Example:
ใใฎใฌในใใฉใณใฏใใใใงใฏใชใใงใใ
ใใฎใฌในใใฉใณใฏใใใใงใฏใชใใงใใ
kono resutoran wa kirei dewa nai desu.
Translation & Usage:
This restaurant is not beautiful.
Usage: Casual negative present
na-adjective + ใงใฏใชใใฃใ
Example:
ใใฎใฌในใใฉใณใฏใใใใงใฏใชใใฃใใงใใ
ใใฎใฌในใใฉใณใฏใใใใงใฏใชใใฃใใงใใ
kono resutoran wa kirei dewa nakatta desu.
Translation & Usage:
This restaurant was not beautiful.
Usage: Casual negative past
๐ Quick Conjugation Summary
i-Adjectives (ใๅฝขๅฎน่ฉ)
Present:้ซใ (takai)
Negative:้ซใใชใ
Past:้ซใใฃใ
Past Neg:้ซใใชใใฃใ
na-Adjectives (ใชๅฝขๅฎน่ฉ)
Present:ใใใใงใ
Negative:ใใใใงใฏใชใ
Past:ใใใใงใใ
Past Neg:ใใใใงใฏใชใใฃใ
๐ก Usage Guidelines
Key Differences:
- โข i-adjectives: Conjugate by changing ใ ending
- โข na-adjectives: Use ใงใ/ใ copula forms
- โข i-adjectives directly modify nouns
- โข na-adjectives need ใช before nouns
Common Patterns:
- โข Connecting: ใใฆ (i-adj), ใง (na-adj)
- โข Adverbial: ใ (i-adj), ใซ (na-adj)
- โข Nominalizing: ใฎ for both types
- โข Past tense: ใใฃใ vs ใงใใ
๐ฏ Study Strategies
Learning Order:
- Basic predicate forms
- Negative forms
- Past tense forms
- Modifying forms
Practice Methods:
- โข Drill conjugations daily
- โข Use in complete sentences
- โข Practice both types together
- โข Focus on common adjectives
Common Mistakes:
- โข Using wrong adjective type
- โข Forgetting ใช before nouns
- โข Incorrect past tense forms
- โข Mixing formal/casual levels